Joint painThe fingers are an indispensable sign of any joint pathology in which structural elements of these joints are damaged.Above all, pain in these joints can be associated with various autoimmune diseases (Systemic red glitter, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, etc.) in which immune factors are damaged in their own joint tissues.
The next main reason that may initiatepainThere may be injuries in the fingers (Bruises, dislocations, fractures, tapes).In these joints, pain can also be provoked by degenerative changes in the joint tissues.This is often observed in osteoarthritis.
Anatomy of the joints of the hand
All joints of the hand are divided into the following groups as usual:
- wrist joint;
- the joints of the wrist;
- Carpal samples nerves;
- Intercencial joints;
- Parmonary-Phalanx joints;
- Interfalantx joints.
The wrist
The wrist -bitch is formed by the bones of the proximal bones (upper) Many wrists (TriHedral, half -mountain, scaphoid bones) and remote areas of radiation and elbow bones.The elbow is not directly connected to the wrist bones but the distal (Lower) The joint disk.This structure separates the cavity of the wrist from the distal cavity (Lower) The tile joint.
Your wrists
The joints of the wrist are represented by three joints.The first form includes the joints that are located between the upper bones (scaphoid, half mune, triedral, pea -shaped) or the lower row (Hook -shaped, head -headed, trapezoid, bone trap).These joints are called interchangeena joints.The second type is ranked by the middle -writing joint called SO.This joint has a S -shaped shape and is formed due to the connection of the upper and lower rows of the wrist.The third type includes the pea joint.Through this joint, the triedral bone is connected to the pea.
Capacen-penal joints
The carpal panel joints connect the bones of the wrist and metakal bones.These joints are formed by contact with the proximal ends (bases) Distal sections of the metacarpal bones and carpal bones in the second row.The joints of the carpal samples contain two main joints.The first is the carpal-playing joint of the thumb.The first metacarpal develops by combining bone and bone trap.
The second joint in the rest of the carpal-prypyna compounds is the general carpal road joint of the Carpal-Prypyna compounds is the second, third, fourth, fifth metacarpal bones and trapezoids, head bones and partly the bone trap.The carpal pattern of the thumb is separated from the entire carpal pattern joint.Thanks to the more active movements it is possible compared to other carpal roads (which are included in the general carpalis-pathway joint) which we consider to be seated.Carpalis panel joints are heavily joint capsules as well as ligaments (ligaments reinforceBack and Palmar's leagues offensive).
Interpret the joints
The second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, when contacted, form Interprex joints.These joints have separate joint capsules that approach the carpalis stream joint capsules and are connected to them.Outside the capsules, these joints represent a league device represented by Scenery Metacarpali Leagues and the Pair and Palmar Leagues.The Interpener joints are attributed to the sitting joints of the hand, as the joint surfaces of the bones that make up these joints are flat.
Parleen-Phalanx joints
The Parleus-Phalanx joints are the distal (lower) with the end of the metacarpal bones and the proximal (upper)) Areas of the first walls of the fingers of the hand.Each finger of the upper limb has its own metharponal joint.Thus, there are five metacarpal Falling joints on both hands.
Interfalanx joints
Interpophanx joints are combined with a combination of the adjacent wall of each finger.Large (first) The finger has only one interface joint as this finger has only two phalanx (proximal and distal).The rest of the fingers of the hands are two interfacing joints.
The first of them is the first (proximal) and the second (average) are called fingers and proximal walls (upper) Interfalang joint.The second forms the connection to the average (second) and the last (remote) Finger walls.The second interalAngeal joints are called distal interfaced joints.Inter -phalanx joints are reinforced with fuse and palmar leagues.These joints belong to the block joints whose movement is only possible around the front plane (Struggle and bending).
What structures can inflainate in the joints of the hands?
Inflammation is a typical pathological process that is typical of tissues and organs that are injured for any reason.It is worth remembering that in most cases all illnesses (For example, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.) or a trauma that damage the joints of the hands to some extent, not only the joint but also the perioster (nerves, muscles, tendons, subcutaneous fat, skin) Structures.
The following joint structures may inflainate in the joints of the hands:
- common cartilage;
- Pressing bone tissue;
- joint capsule;
- Common ribbons.
The causes of pain in the joints of the hands and fingers
The main part of the causes of the pain of the hand and the fingers are taken into account by mechanical injuries (Fractures, dislocations, bruises, etc.) and systemic autoimmune diseases (Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, etc.).In addition to these reasons, pain in the joints of the hands can cause metabolism -related diseases (Such as gout, osteoarthrosis).
There are the following main reasons that cause pain in the joints of the hands and fingers:
- bruising the hands and fingers;
- fracture of the brush bones;
- brush dislocation;
- injury to the ligaments of the hand;
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- Kinbek disease;
- reactive arthritis;
- gout;
- psoriatic arthritis;
- Synovitis;
- osteoarthrosis;
- System red lupus.
Brush and finger bruising
Bruising is a type of closed injuries in which soft tissues are damaged (muscles, tendons, nerves, skin) And there are no wounds in the place where the main effect of the traumatic factor was directed.The bruises of the soft tissues of the hands and fingers are very rarely found (separate) From the bruises of the hands and fingers.Thereforeperihuma) Fabric.The brush and fingers bruises usually fall on the hand and are damaged by a dull object with compression or clamping.
Often the bruises of the cystic zone are often median, radial, elbow nerves (which are injected by the hand and fingers of the fingers), which is immediately manifested by the loss of skin sensitivity and, in some cases, the disappearance of fingers.
The arthritis and perihuman structures develop inflammatory edema because there are many veins that have blood supply.This edema is a reaction to inflammation that responds to tissue damage during bruises.
Fracture of the brush bones
Often, the cause of the pain in the joints of the hand may be various fractures of the bones, as these bones register directly to the formation of joint surfaces.Depending on the anatomical position of the injured bone, all fractures are divided into three main groups.The first group contains fractures of the wrist bones.The second contains the fracture of the tube -shaped metakal bones.The third group contains the fracture of the bones of the finger wall.
The most common places of damage to the brush Carpal zone are semi -and scaphoid bones.The fracture of these bones occurs on the brush and is accompanied by pain in the wrist and medium wrist joints.The pain syndrome can also be observed in the anatomical localizations of these bones.
The most common fracture of metakal bones is the fracture of the first metacarpal bone (the one that is attached to the walls of the thumb bones).With this injury, edema and pain appear on the basis of the first metatarsal bone, as well as this part of the carpal pattern, which is directly in the neighborhood.The thumb with such a fracture is shortened, bends and leads to the palm.His movements are limited.
The brush phalanx fractures deformation, decrease in fingers, loss of function, sharp pain and swelling of the Inter -falax joints and peri -human tissues.Fractures of the fingers with fractures, by displacement of bone fragments, palpation (on palpation) The brush can identify swelling on the back, on the contrary, on the back of a hole or isolation.These fragments are usually mobile and can often recognize subcutaneous bleeding (hematomas).
The brush displacement
Dislocation is a pathological condition in which areas of bones form any joint exceed the anatomical boundaries, which are manifested by a complete or partial loss of the joint function.In addition to impaired joint functions, severe pain, swelling and topical increase in temperature can be found during dislocations.During the dislocation of the brush, the appearance of swelling is explained not only in the damaged peri -haman tissues, as well as the structure of the joint, but also the protrusion of the dissolved bone joint.
The most common types of brush
| The name of the dislocation | The mechanism of dislocation | Which joint are you amazed? |
| The real displacement of the brush | The joint surfaces of the wrist bones are placed towards the palm of the hand or in the back of the hand relative to the joint surface of the radial bone. |
|
| Perilunar dislocation | The bones of the wrist and the rest of the brush are shifted relative to the south and radial bones at the back of the brush. |
|
| The displacement of the bone | At the samein the same plane) to the close bones of the wrist.Occasionally you can switch to the side of the palmar, which is to switch to the palm of the bone trap, less frequently on the same side of trapezoidal bone. |
|
| The shift in the semi -mountain | There is a half -washer slip towards the palm, so the space in the bone site does not remain busy.It is gradually occupied by the bone of the head, penetrating from the second row of the bones of the wrist.This dislocation is a complication of self -regulation of perilunar dislocation. |
|
| The first metakal bone displacement | The joint surface of the first methakarpal bone based on the articular surface of the bone trap on the side of radiation, upward (proximal) and in the same plane with the bones of the wrist.So his thumb is slightly pulled back towards the wrist. |
|
| The shift of the fingers of his fingers | In the metakarolangeal joints and the inter-potalanx joints, there are dislocations of the fingers.First the joint surface of the proximal phalanx of the fingers (With the whole finger) shifts relative to the joint surface of the metakal bones.At the second, there is a displacement between the bones of the finger walls.Usually there are back and palm dislocations on the walls of the fingers. |
|
Damage to hand bonds
Leagues and brush bruises are attributed to closed traumatic damage.This pathology is primarily found in any direction by extending the hand.The main types of lump injuries are stretching and rupture.In the harmful zone, stretching the connective tissue fibers and partial fracture.By interrupting the leagues, it is divided into two infinite ends of the whole tape.
The following main types of keFe ligaments are distinguished:
- fracture of the radial collateral league of the wrist;
- Interruption of the eensation of the wrist;
- Cracks of the capture ligaments;
- Fracture of the lateral ligaments of the metacarpal spotted joints;
- Fracture of the lateral ligaments of the Interfalang joints.
Rheumatic arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which the human immune system damages the body's own tissues.In other words, rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune pathology.This disease is also systemic as it affects a lot of tissues (muscles, joints, blood vessels, etc.) and organs (Heart, kidneys, lungs, etc.) in the body.
Despite the fact that rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease that has a greater extent of the joints while other tissues and organs are injured in the background.With this disease, almost all types of brush joints can affect (arm walls, carpal trails, metacarpal-phalanx, phalanx joints).The lesion is usually symmetrical (those.The same joints are affected) both hands, swelling, pain in injured joints.In the morning, when lifting from bed, there is some stiffness in the affected joints, which is approx.It can take 1 hour and then disappear without a trace.
Often with rheumatic arthritis near the affected joints of the brush (More often the piano fiber, the Phalanx joints) Rheumatoid lumps appear.These are a rounded formation that is located under the skin.The brush these formations are most often found in the back.Dense, inactive, painless during palpation.Their number may vary.
Kinbek
Kinbek is a pathology in which the brush affects the bone of the half mound carpal.The disease develops as a result of long -term physical overload of hands.It usually occurs in the construction profession - plasters, bricklayers, carpenters, etc.Excessive physical activity of the palms of the palms is most often the bone because it occupies the central position of the wrist joint.Most often in the illness of kinbek, one hand brush and usually the main (The right hand is damaged, the left hand is damaged).
Reactive arthritis
Reactive arthritis is the pathology of the immunopathological generation in which its own immune system attacks the various joints of the body and therefore develops autoimmune inflammation.Unlike other autoimmune diseases (For example, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus whose occurrence is presumably assumed) In reactive arthritis, the clear relationship between infection can be traced (and especially the intestine or urogenital) and the development of common injuries.
In addition, with this pathology, lymph nodes can increase and fever may appear.When reactive arthritis is a chronic form, over time, patients may indicate signs of kidney disease, heart and muscle atrophy, bursitis may occur (Inflammation of periosemantal bags), endovaginites (Inflammation of the vagina of tendons) and others.
Gout
Gout is a disease that is based on the development of uric acid accumulation and is deposited in the form of salts in the joints.Uralic acid is the end product of the metabolic of purine and pyrimidine bases.It is based on DNA and RNA molecules, some energy formation formations (Adenosine trifosphate, adenosine monoposphate, etc.) and vitamins.
Gout pain occurs primarily in small joints of the lower and upper limbs.In fact, in 50% of all clinical cases, the disease begins with the first plus joint of the legs.In their hands, the inter -wall joints of the fingers are usually rarely affected - radiant joints.Gout usually damage one or more joints on one of the limbs, sometimes the joints of other limbs are involved in the inflammatory process.
Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a pathology in which various joints are inflamed in the background of psoriasis.The formation of psoriasis is based on a violation of interaction between immune cells and skin cells, as a resultAnd especially on the skin) There are autoimmune reactions that cause inflammation.
Synovitis
Synovitis is inflammation of the synovial shell of the joints, tissue damage and the accumulation of pathological fluid in the affected joints.Synovitis is not a separate disease but a complication of other diseases.Endocrine, allergic, infectious, autoimmune pathologies, brushes, etc. may occur.
Osteoarthosis
Osteoarthritis is a disease in which the processes of the formation of normal cartilage tissue are violated in various joints.These processes are violated by certain external and internal predisposing factors.There may be constant joint injuries, prolonged physical activity (In the workplace, in everyday life, during the sport), inheritance, other joint diseases, etc.
The fingers' joints hurt with this pathology because of the periarticular (perihuma) Tissues are inflammation and affect the nerves.A typical feature of osteoarthritis is the relationship between pain and physical activity.The pain of the joints appears primarily for and/or after heavy physical overload and disappears after relaxation or relaxation.
System red lupus
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune pathology in which the human body has an immune system for autoimmune antibodies that attack various structures of cells and tissues.In particular, the production of anti -core antibodies called SO can be observed, which damage the nuclei and the DNA and RNA molecules.For red lupus, various tissues and organs are affected - skin, ships, heart, pleura, pericardium, kidneys, joints, etc.
The system Red Lupus is continuously associated with other extra -inquent signs - weakness, weight loss, fever (To improve your body temperature).However, special symptoms are of the most important without which the red lupus is not diagnosed.These special signs of photodermatitis (Dermatitis under the influence of sunlight), discoid rash (Cervical appearance on the skin of the neck, the red paper box), lupoid butterfly (The appearance of red spots on the skin near the nose), erosion in the oral cavity, kidney damage (Glomerulonephritis), you make (Inflammation of seer membranes) and others.
To diagnose the causes of pain pain
In the joints of the hand, the pain in the diagnosis and treatment of the causes of pain is treated primarily by traumatologist and A-breeding physician.To diagnose such causes, these doctors are primarily clinical (Anamnesis collection, external control, palpation, etc.), radial (Radiography, Computer Tomography) and laboratory (General blood test, biochemical blood test, etc.) Research methods.
Depending on the cause of the pain of the handhelds, all diagnostics can be divided into the following stages:
- Diagnosing brush traumatic injuries (Bruises, dislocations, fractures, ribbons);
- Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis;
- Diagnosis of kinbek;
- Diagnosis of reactive arthritis;
- gout diagnosis;
- Diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis;
- Diagnosis of synovitis;
- Diagnosis of osteoarthrosis;
- Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Diagnosis of traumatic brush injuries
In case of brush injuries, consult a traumatologist.The main methods of diagnosis used in medical practice to identify the traumatic damage of the brush (Fractures, dislocations, ribbons, bruises), external examination, anamnisis, research radiation methods (Radiography, Computer Tomography).
Collection of anamnic data allows the doctor to identify events that can cause or cause the brush injury.The history of anamnesis is also used to clarify the symptoms that interfere with the patient.During the external examination of the brush, swelling, hematomas, deformation, and restriction of joint mobility can be detected.With the help of palpation, the doctor explores the presence of pain, the anatomical shape of the joint, and the damage to the leagues.Radiation methods of research (Radiography, Computer Tomography) Allow them to confirm the diagnosis as they are clearly visible in the use of the anatomical formations of the brush.
Treatment of pathologies that cause inflammation of the hand joints
In the joints of the hands and fingers to treat the causes of pain, doctors, first and foremost prescribe various drugs (Anti -inflammation, analgesics, anti -rhevetas drugs, etc.).In some cases, the use of these products is combined with physiotherapy procedures.The traumatic damage to the brush is most often treated surgically or applied to the affected upper limb of the plaster binding.
The first help can be used to relieve pain and relieve inflammation.The drug selectively blocks COO-2 and acts directly on the source of pain.Thanks to its special texture, it is quickly absorbed and leaves no traces of clothes, a pleasant scent.
Depending on the pathology that causes inflammation in the joints of the hand, all treatments can be divided into the following parts:
- Treatment of traumatic injuries of the brush (Bruises, dislocations, fractures, ribbons);
- Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis;
- Treatment of kinbek -kór;
- Treatment of reactive arthritis;
- gout management;
- treatment of psoriatic arthritis;
- Synovitis treatment;
- treatment of osteoarthritis;
- Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.